腹壁可认清肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他肿瘤.. Urachal Cyst 凹尿管细菌感染A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )凹尿管细菌感染见于凹和小肠之间，上会位处凹尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于大部分位处凹下。这些细菌感染可发挥为完全无回声或偏高回声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 由此可知11A，凹尿管细菌感染，此细菌感染已受感染，实质上含有微弱回声的液体。B，凹尿管细菌感染，紧绷的细菌感染前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis阴囊肾脏上皮细胞Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).外周阴囊肾脏上皮细胞是阴囊开刀后的长期合并症，无特殊发挥，但可于以前开刀的瘢痕三处见一区域内肿物，并有周期适度的疼痛和溃疡。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 由此可知12 ，剖宫产脸部三处阴囊肾脏上皮细胞

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 外周血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).胸直肌鞘血肿可发生地发烧适度咳嗽后、喷嚏或癫痫发烧后，其根本原因上会是抗凝治疗法或病毒适度疾病。由于血肿限制于胸直肌鞘内，上会不很大，其形似根据所三处位置而定，在弓形中央线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴呈上下同方向，可于下方碰见（由此可知13A）；在弓形中央线以下，由于胸白中央线缺如，可扩展横过中中央线，因此血肿发挥为分叶状，其最大者长度位处横轴上。在新生儿外周血肿可见于凹上横向扩展（由此可知13B、C）。术后球状适度血管内凋亡的病人可于外周开刀瘢痕附近碰见大的血肿（由此可知13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 由此可知13A，一中年妇女剧烈咳嗽后胸直肌鞘血肿，斜线指示胸横筋膜。B，新生儿外周血肿。C，一新生儿凹血管附着三处上面的外周血肿。UV，凹血管。D，一球状适度血管内凋亡的剖宫产术后病人脸部三处外周血肿。

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